Francesco Saldarini, Psychology PhD student at the University of Surrey - Open Materials

---

This version of the ANT and its script are based on the work of Dr Philip Dean (School of Psychology, University of Surrey) which is publicly available on https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/50646. This version of the ANT more closely resembles the original design by Fan et al. (2002) compared to Dr Dean's version, as it is divided in 3 blocks of 96 trials. Dr Dean's task is divided in 4 blocks of 48 trials - shorter trials were implemented to facilitate online delivery. The explanatory in-task text has also been changed (e.g., participants welcome), to resemble the original task by Fan et al. as closely as possible.

A version of this task was employed in the study reported in: Saldarini, F., & Cropley, M. (2022). Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19181130.

A Japanese version of this task was be employed in a collaboration study between the University of Surrey (UK) and Waseda University (Japan). Authors: Saldarini, F., Yamasaki, K., Miyata, H.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

---

Original task: Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 340–347.
https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902317361886

Adapted from: Dr Philip Dean's version.
https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/50646

---

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Fan, J., McCandliss, B. D., Sommer, T., Raz, A., & Posner, M. I. (2002). Testing the efficiency and independence of attentional networks. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 14(3), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892902317361886
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11970796/

---

The questionnaire contains basic demographic questions and a Gorilla Experiment Builder version the KSS (Gillberg et al., 1994).

A version of this questionnaire was employed in the study reported in: Saldarini, F., & Cropley, M. (2022). Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811304

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

---

Gillberg, M., Kecklund, G., & Akerstedt, T. (1994). Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night awake. Sleep, 17(3), 236–241.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/17.3.236

---

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Kaida, K., Takahashi, M., Akerstedt, T., Nakata, A., Otsuka, Y., Haratani, T., & Fukasawa, K. (2006). Validation of the Karolinska sleepiness scale against performance and EEG variables. Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(7), 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.011
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16679057/

---

This is a Gorilla Experiment Builder version of the FFMQ. The original FFMQ was developed by Baer et al. (2006).

A version of this questionnaire was employed in the study reported in: Saldarini, F., & Cropley, M. (2022). Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811304

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

---

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504

---

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., & Murakami, H. (2012). Development and validation of the Japanese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0082-1
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-011-0082-1

---

This is a Gorilla Experiment Builder version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. The original Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale was developed by Cardaciotto et al. (2008).

A version of this questionnaire was employed in the study reported in: Saldarini, F., & Cropley, M. (2022). Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811304

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

---

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107311467

---

This is a Gorilla Experiment Builder version of the PSS-14. The original PSS-14 was developed by Cohen et al. (1983). This version of the PSS-14 was modified so that it asked participants to report stress levels perceived over the last three months (not one; as in O’Brien et al., 2013).

A version of this questionnaire was employed in the study reported in: Saldarini, F., & Cropley, M. (2022). Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811304

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

---

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–396.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404

O’Brien, K. M., Tronick, E. Z., & Moore, C. L. (2013). Relationship between Hair Cortisol and Perceived Chronic Stress in a Diverse Sample. Stress and Health, 29(4), 337–344.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2475

---

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Sumi, K. (2006). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Japanese Journal of Health Psychology, 19(2), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.11560/jahp.19.2_44
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jahp/19/2/19_44/_article/-char/ja/

---

This version of the Ospan is based on the one created by Dr Lieneke Janssen (https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/503249). The original version of the Ospan was made on E-Prime (https://pstnet.com/products/e-prime/) and can be obtained by the original authors (i.e., Unsworth et al., 2005) on their laboratory website (https://englelab.gatech.edu/index). Our version of the Ospan differs from the original E-Prime and/or the previous Gorilla version in the following ways:

• The text of our version of the Ospan was partly modified so that it is more similar to the original published by Unsworth et al. (2005) (e.g., no reference to the animal gamble task).

• Differently from Dr Janssen, our version of the Ospan includes three different spreadsheets (https://support.gorilla.sc/support/reference/spreadsheet#overview3). This way, each participant can potentially be randomly assigned to a different spreadsheet at the beginning of the task. In each spreadsheet, the stimuli (i.e., letters, equations, and predetermined answers to the equations), and the presentation order of blocks of different lengths was randomly determined at the time of spreadsheet design. By doing this, we wish to implement randomisation in our version of the task, as it is done in the original version of the Ospan (Unsworth et a., 2005). However, it should be noted that randomisation in the original E-Prime version of the Ospan was achieved via the programming tools available on E-Prime and, thus, the method of randomisation is different from ours.

Note: if you want to employ this task so that Gorilla will randomise the spreadsheet presentation among participants, you will need to update your “Experiment” accordingly (i.e., just cloning this "Task" will not be enough). To do so, please, follow these instructions: https://support.gorilla.sc/support/reference/tree-nodes#counterbalance (particularly, the “Method 1: Multiple Spreadsheets” section).

• As in Dr Janssen’s version of the Ospan, there are six practice trials in the first practice phase of our task. However, in the original version there are four trials. Similarly, in the third practice phase of our task, there are two practice trials with letter series set sizes ranging from two to four. However, in the original version there are three practice trials trials, with a letter set size of two.

We maintained these difference in the structure of our practice trials, as we think that these slightly more complex practice trials might facilitate task comprehension for online participants that do not have the chance to contact the experimenter and ask questions about the task.

• As in Dr Janssen’s, this version of the Ospan requires participants to interact with the computer via keyboard. The original task published by Unsworth et al. (2005) requires participants to respond via mouse.

• As in Dr Janssen’s version of the Ospan, accuracy feedback for letters recall is given to participants immediately after each recall trial. However, the type of feedback is slightly different from the one given in the original Ospan. Specifically, the original Ospan gives feedback on the number of correctly recalled letters in the correct place of the presentation sequence. However, our version of the task only reports weather the participant recalled all the letters in the correct place (i.e., “The entered series is completely CORRECT”) or committed al least one mistake (i.e., “The entered series is (partially) INCORRECT”). This is feedback difference is due to differences in the E-Prime and Gorilla programming tools. Note: more expert JavaScript programmers might be able to solve this issue.

• As in Dr Janssen’s version of the Ospan, at the moment of letter recall, we do not provide feedback on each participant’s maths score. This is different from Unsworth et al. (2005). We do not provide this feedback because it is not possible with the object-oriented programming tools available on Gorilla to compute a maths score that considers as “incorrect” both incorrect (i.e., wrong answer given during "screen 2" presentation < "Practice 3" or "trial" displays) and timed out answers (i.e., no answer given during "screen 1" presentation < "Practice 3" or "trial" displays). However, to partially solve this issue, we encourage our participants to solve all equations quickly and correctly in the task instructions. Note: more expert JavaScript programmers might be able to solve this issue.

A Japanese version of this task (see below) was employed in a collaboration study between the University of Surrey (UK) and Waseda University (Japan). Authors: Saldarini, F., Yamasaki, K., Miyata, H.

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Original task: Unsworth, N., Heitz, R.P., Schrock, J.C. et al. An automated version of the operation span task. Behavior Research Methods 37, 498–505 (2005). https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192720
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03192720

Adapted from: Dr Lieneke Janssen version.
https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/503249

---

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)

---

Unsworth, N., & Engle, R. W. (2005). Individual differences in working memory capacity and learning: Evidence from the serial reaction time task. Memory & Cognition, 33(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03195310
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-06563-004