Description
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A brief demographics questionnaire will be administered which will ask participants for the following information:
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Here we created an online version of the Author Recognition Task created by Acheson et al., (2008), utilizing the stimuli from their initial paper. As with the initial version participants had to select names of authors which they recognized from a list of 65 authors intermixed with a list of 65 foils, and were informed that they would be penalised for incorrect guessing. In this online version names were presented as a list with a checkbox next to them for participants to tick to indicate they knew them. Each correctly identified author gains a score of 1, but each incorrectly identified foil gains a score of -1, with each participant gaining a total score at the end.
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Acheson, D. J., Wells, J. B., & MacDonald, M. C. (2008). New and updated tests of print exposure and reading abilities in college students. Behavior research methods, 40(1), 278-289.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BRM.40.1.278
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In this task (Poort & Rodd, 2019) participants respond as quickly and accurately as possible (via keyboard buttons) as to whether the words presented to them are related in meaning or not. This task is a measure of receptive semantic ability. On each trial a fixation cross appears for 500 ms, followed by the target for 200 ms, then (after an interstimulus interval of 50 ms), the probe which disappears from the screen when a response is made (or after 2000 ms if no response is made). As per Poort & Rood (2019) trials with reaction times less than 300 ms or more than 2000 ms will be discarded. Both accuracy and reaction times will be measured from this task.
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Poort, E. D., & Rodd, J. M. (2019). Towards a distributed connectionist account of cognates and interlingual homographs: Evidence from semantic relatedness tasks. PeerJ, 7, e6725.
https://peerj.com/articles/6725/
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In this task – with stimuli adapted from (Tsantani, Podgajecka, Gray, & Cook, 2022) - participants are shown a face, and judge which of the words displayed best matches the emotion of the individual in the picture. On each trial a fixation cross appears for 1000 ms, followed by the face for 500 ms, then a visual mask for 500 ms, after which they could indicate their response. A response is made by clicking on the word they choose. The sole outcome from this task will be accuracy (number of correctly identified emotions).
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Tsantani, M., Podgajecka, V., Gray, K. L., & Cook, R. (2022). How does the presence of a surgical face mask impair the perceived intensity of facial emotions?. PLoS One, 17(1), e0262344.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0262344
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In this task (Yeatman, et al., 2021) participants respond as quickly and accurately as possible (via keyboard buttons) as to whether the text presented to them is a real word or not. This gives a reliable and fast measure of reading ability. On each trial a fixation cross appears for 400 ms, followed by the word/nonword for 350 ms. Trials with reaction times less than 300 ms or more than 2000 ms will be discarded. The primary response of interest from this test is accuracy (number of correctly judged words and nonwords), but reaction time will also be measured as it is predictive of reading ability in highly literate samples such as ours (Yeatman et al., 2021). Note that this is not a gamified version as is seen in the paper.
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Yeatman, J. D., Tang, K. A., Donnelly, P. M., Yablonski, M., Ramamurthy, M., Karipidis, I. I., ... & Domingue, B. W. (2021). Rapid online assessment of reading ability. Scientific reports, 11(1), 6396.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-85907-x
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In this task (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001) participants are shown the eye-region of someone’s face and judge which of four words displayed best matches the emotion of the individual in the picture. A response is made by clicking on the word they choose. This is a well-validated measure of mentalizing ability which we have adapted for Gorilla. Higher accuracy on this task (number of correctly identified mental states) is taken as better mentalizing ability, and this will be the primary outcome measure from this task.
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Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42(2), 241-251.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11280420/
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In this brief visual search task (adapted from Hartstone et al., 2022), participants are shown an array of pictures of animals (mostly dogs and one cat). The task is to click on the cat, and the task consists of 6 trials, and this serves as an attention check to ensure participants engagement.
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https://app.gorilla.sc/openmaterials/418948
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In this brief visual search task (adapted from Hartstone et al., 2022), participants are shown an array of pictures of animals (mostly dogs and one cat). The task is to click on the cat, and the task consists of 6 trials, and this serves as an attention check to ensure participants engagement. Participants who score less than 5 in this task will have their data removed from the study (from all tasks).
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