"Scaffold" Experiment 2 (Gasser & Davachi, 2023)

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Initial instructions given to participants at the start of the task that introduce the general paradigm. At the end of instructions, participants answer two simple questions to ensure comprehension of the instructions.

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Pretraining task. During this task, participants are trained to memorize a 6-item sequence of aisles/motor responses. Participants are told that every time they go to the "predictable store" (see Gasser & Davachi, 2023), they will be following this exact same sequence of aisles. Pretraining consists of three study-test cycles, during which participants are repeatedly cued to execute this to-be-learned aisle sequence, and then tested on their ability to retrieve it from memory.

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Encoding task block. Each participant completes 8 blocks throughout the experiment.

During this task, participants embark on a series of "errands" to two different stores: the pet store and the grocery store. During each errand, participants see cues to visit a sequence of aisles within each store, where each aisle is represented as a circle on the screen, and aisles are visited by pressing the corresponding keyboard key (D, F, J, or K). Critically, aisle sequences in one store follow the same pattern on each errand, which was learned during the pretraining task. Aisle sequences in the other store change with each errand.

After visiting an aisle in either store, participants view a visual stimulus "in" or above that aisle. They are instructed to remember the order of these stimuli and the aisles that they appeared in.

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Distractor task administered between all encoding and retrieval blocks. Participants see a stream of single-digit numbers and are told to press the space bar whenever one of those numbers is even.

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Retrieval block. Each participant completes 8 blocks throughout the experiment.

This task consists of two portions:

• Order reconstruction memory test: During this test, participants view all 6 items from one of their recent errands (i.e., one of the four errands run during the preceding encoding block) and must select them in the correct temporal order.
• Spatial memory test: During this test, participants view items from their recent errands one at a time and have to select which of the four aisles that item had been presented in during encoding.

These two memory tests are non-overlapping, such each item/errand only appears in either the order reconstruction or spatial memory test.

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Final order memory test given to participants after all 8 encoding/retrieval blocks have been completed. This test follows the same format as order memory tests administered as part of each retrieval block, and re-tests order memory for half of all events.

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