Activating Unemployed Job Seekers Toward Volunteering - Positive Approach AAT Training

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Experimental Structure includes:

• Informed consent
• Demographic questionnaire
• Short 5 (S5) Altruism Scale (Konstabel, Lönnqvist, Walkowitz, Konstabel, & Verkasalo, 2012)
• AAT Treatment: 90% weighted to approach volunteer stimuli vs. neutral (IAPS)
• AAT Control: balanced volunteer and neutral stimuli ( IAPS)
• Single-Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006)
• Explicit Measures: attitudes toward volunteering and intent to volunteer (adapted from
• Behavioural Task: opportunity to click on a link and learn about volunteering in the pps home city.
• Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) (Clary, Snyder, & Stukas, 1996)
• Explicit Measure: long-term intent to volunteer.
• Validation: demand characteristics and reactance
• Debrief

Individual tasks and questionnaires are included below.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

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Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

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Taylor, C. T., & Amir, N. (2012). Modifying automatic approach action tendencies in individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(9), 529–536.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.004

International Affective Picture System (IAPS)
https://csea.phhp.ufl.edu/media.html#topmedia

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NOTE: This task differs from Karpinski and Steinman (2006) in two key ways:

1. Blocks have been randomized, which the reference above recommends against. Initial exploratory analysis finds that block order impacts IAT response time.
2. The ratio of Images:positive words:negative is 10:7:7 to balance images and words (42% of trials show images and 58% present words). This overweights (70%) correct responses on the left side (‘e’ key) of the screen in part A, and the right side ( “i” key) in part B and may result in response bias.

These can be adjusted as needed in the corresponding manipulation spreadsheet.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

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Karpinski, A., & Steinman, R. B. (2006). The single category implicit association test as a measure of implicit social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.16
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16834477

Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW)
https://csea.phhp.ufl.edu/media.html#topmedia

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Short-Five (S5): Four question sub-scale for Altruism

Abstract of Related Article: Konstabel, K., Lönnqvist, J. E., Walkowitz, G., Konstabel, K., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). The “Short Five” (S5): Measuring personality traits using comprehensive single items. European Journal of Personality, 26(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.813

A new approach to the construction of short questionnaires is introduced: ‘comprehensive single items’ (CSI) are developed with the intention to match expert descriptions of a construct as closely as possible. Based on this idea, a 60‐item questionnaire, the ‘Short Five’ (S5) is constructed for measuring 30 facets of the Five‐Factor Model. Studies in Estonian, Finnish, English, and German showed that the S5 domain scales had correlations over 0.8 with their counterparts in longer questionnaires, and that the factor structure was similar to that of the normative US NEO‐PI‐R sample. The S5 can be recommended for large‐scale studies where participants' time is limited. The CSI approach can be successfully used in short scale development, in addition to more traditional methods.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

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Konstabel, K., Lönnqvist, J. E., Walkowitz, G., Konstabel, K., & Verkasalo, M. (2012). The “Short Five” (S5): Measuring personality traits using comprehensive single items. European Journal of Personality, 26(1), 13–29.
https://doi.org/10.1002/per.813

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Description of Measure: A 30-item measure of motivations to volunteer. The authors use a functionalist approach to volunteering, examining the functional motives individuals have for choosing to volunteer. The scale is divided into 6 separate functional motives (i.e., factors):

1. Protective: protecting the ego from the difficulties of life.
2. Values: express ones altruistic and humanitarian values.
3. Career: to improve career prospects.
4. Social: to develop and strengthen social ties.
5. Understanding: to gain knowledge, skills, and abilities.
6. Enhancement: to help the ego grow and develop.

Scoring ranges are based on Table 3 from (Chacón, Gutiérrez, Sauto, Vecina, & Pérez, 2017)

Abstract of Related Article: Clary, E. G. & Snyder, M. (2002). The motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 156-159.

Why do significant numbers of people engage in the unpaid helping activities known as volunteerism? Drawing on functional theorizing about the reasons, purposes, and motivations underlying human behavior, we have identified six personal and social functions potentially served by volunteering. In addition to developing an inventory to assess these motivational functions, our program of research has explored the role of motivation in the processes of volunteerism, especially decisions about becoming a volunteer in the first place and decisions about continuing to volunteer.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only

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Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations. Current directions in psychological science, 8(5), 156-159.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00037

Volunteers' Motivations: Findings from a National Survey - E. Gil Clary, Mark Snyder, Arthur A. Stukas, 1996
https://journals-sagepub-com.gate3.library.lse.ac.uk/doi/10.1177/0899764096254006

Chacón, F., Gutiérrez, G., Sauto, V., Vecina, M. L., & Pérez, A. (2017). Volunteer functions inventory: A systematic review. Psicothema, 29(3), 306–316.
https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.371

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The Behavioural Click-Through (BeCT) task is structured as an opportunity to click on a link and learn about volunteering in the participant’s home city (as entered in demographic profile).

The task, presented as an opportunity to take a break between questionnaires, invited participants to learn more about volunteering. The link was scripted to open a new tab showing an actual Google Search for volunteering in their home city.

The figures below show an example where a fictitious participant from Vancouver, Canada is invited to learn more about volunteering in that city.

This was intended to test responses in the treatment and control group to measure differences resulting from the experimental manipulation. It was encoded as a 1 or 0, with 1 =click-through.

The click-through rate was quite low.

Future Considerations: It may be better to provide two options before moving on to the next task to increase participation, although it may be argued that an action/no action option is a better proxy for actual behaviour.

Gorilla Open Materials Attribution-NonCommerical Research-Only