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Word order priming in Tagalog, a symmetrical voice language

These materials were used for our structural priming experiment on adult native speakers of Tagalog. Structural priming describes the tendency for speakers to produce a sentence structure they have previously heard (Branigan & Pickering, 2017), an effect that is amplified when the same lexical verb is re-used (Mahowald et al., 2016). In languages like English, priming is independent of morphological marking on the verb (e.g., tense/aspect), suggesting priming occurs at the lemma level (Pickering & Branigan, 1998). Symmetrical voice languages like Tagalog contain rich verbal morphology that result in changes in mapping between syntactic positions and thematic roles, without demoting any arguments to lower ranking positions (as in the passive in European languages). In this research we investigated whether voice morphology blocks structural priming in Tagalog, under the assumption that agent and patient voice marking on the same lemma represent different structural options (Riesberg et al., 2019). Accordingly, we tested whether lexical overlap interacts with verbal voice morphology in word order priming.

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Experiment flow

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This is the actual experiment from the presentation of the consent form, the demographic data questionnaire, then reading aloud task, then finally, the picture description priming experiment.

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Consent form

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The consent form in Tagalog

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Demographic data questionnaire

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The demographic data questionnaire in Tagalog

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Reading aloud task

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This includes the microphone check and a read aloud task if the microphone was working. The text used is the first half of the revised “Halo-Halo Espesyal” passage (Ligot et al., 2004).

Ligot, Fernando Alejandro C., Glenda B. Gacer, Maria Tedie Rose D. Mateo & Juan Paolo D. Santuele. 2004. Revision and pilot testing of the “Halo-Halo Espesyal” reading passage for Filipino cleft lip and/or palate speakers. Manila: University of the Philippines Manila Undergraduate thesis.

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Priming task

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Participants were presented with a transitive causative sentence with two animate arguments (prime). To ensure that participants engaged with the prime sentence, participants completed a picture-sentence matching task before receiving the target prompt. Participants then saw a voice-marked verb and were asked to use this prompt to describe an action picture that was presented immediately after.

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Preferred Citation Garcia, R., Roeser, J., & Kidd, E. (2023). Finding your voice: Voice-specific effects in Tagalog reveal the limits of word order priming. Cognition, 236: 105424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105424
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010027723000586
Conducted at Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics
Published on 10 September 2021
Corresponding author Dr Rowena Garcia Researcher
Language Development and Multilingualism
Leibniz-Centre General Linguistics (ZAS)